M01-Astronomy

15 bya – 4.5 bya Change

Big Bang gave birth to Cosmos, Galaxies, Solar System & Earth

Unknown prior to 1950

Galaxies of Stars and planets form from clouds of hydrogen gas

Forming galaxy Distant galaxy Depiction of our galaxies with our solar system near fringe

At 5.880,000,000,000 miles in one year, it requires 1,000 centuries for light to travel across our galaxy!

Life cycle of Stars

6 billion yrs ago large parent star created Earth’s atoms – then blew up tossing debris into space.

All Atoms in the cosmos are the same

All atoms on Earth were created by our huge mother star – our sun is not big enough to manufacture essential atoms.

Exploding super star Relative size: Sun, Jupiter Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth

5 billion yrs ago Accretion of debris created our Solar System and our space ship Earth

Relative sizes

Earth as seen from Saturn Earth from Earth satellite

Effects of Earths motion

Typical night sky seen from Earth Our galaxy seen from Earth

Seasonal Astrology Scenes seen from Earth

Star gazers problem of the wanderers

Difference in angle of sun light into wells a distance apart – was remarkably accurate.

Copernicus believes Earth orbits Sun but keeps it quiet till after his death fearing the church

Tycho gathered data but didn’t know how to make sense of it

Kepler spent days and nights doing hand calculations, discovered that earth and planets orbit the sun

Kepler formulates rules for predicting orbital rates. His mother was being tried as a witch and when promised pay did not arrive. wrote articles on astrology to feed his family.

the pull between heavenly bodies

Specific atoms give off specific wave lengths when agitated

Brightness reveals distance

Atom finger prints in Solar Spectrum Doppler effect, light moving to or from causes Red/Blue light shift

Life cycle of stars Knowable determined by speed of light

Mass increases with speed, Time slows down with increased speed distance shrink with increased speed

Black hole Deflection of light by black hole Warped space time.

Effects of Relativity

Our solar system

Our Sun

Mercury Venus Jupiter

Saturn and it’s rings invisible Dark energy and Matter